There are over 120 species of snakes throughout Australia, and more than half of them are poisonous. However, only about 16 snakes are venomous enough to kill an adult. Among the more deadly species are the copperhead, the tiger snake, the taipan—considered one of the world’s most dangerous snakes—the death adder, the red-bellied black snake, the various brown snakes, the mulga and the Clarence River snake.

Each of these snakes has two poison fangs and up to 13 small teeth on each side of its upper jaw, depending on the species. When a snake bites, the venom is squeezed from a gland and flows down a groove in each fang (with the exception of the death adder, which is hollow-fanged) and is deposited within the two-puncture wound. There are usually two rows of indentations from the smaller teeth as well.

Snakes usually bite people on the legs or arms, and a tourniquet should be applied to the upper part of the limb between the wound and the heart. Wash the bitten area thoroughly and suck the wound vigorously to remove any venom from the wound and the superficial tissues. Do not give him alcohol. Reassure the patient, keeping him warm and quiet. Get the victim to a doctor so that he can be injected with antivenene.

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